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Anton "Toni" Hackl (25 March 1915 in Regensburg – 10 July 1984 in Regensburg) was a German former Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords ((ドイツ語:Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern)) during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. He was one of the very few Luftwaffe 'first-to-last' ''Experten'' who survived the whole war, serving from 1939 until 1945. ==World War II== Unteroffizier Hackl was serving with II./Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) when war broke out.〔For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Luftwaffe Organization〕 By May 1940, Hackl was based in Norway, with JG 77 when he claimed his first in June 1940 shooting down two Royal Air Force (RAF) Hudsons. On 27 June he shot down another Hudson, but was also wounded. He claimed four victories during his time in Norway. In July 1941 he was posted with JG 77 to the Eastern Front. By the end of year his score was 27. By early 1942 he was Staffelkapitän of 5 Staffel./JG 77. His score rapidly increased during the spring of 1942, and by May 1942, after 51 victories he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes''). During the month of July 1942, Hackl amassed 37 enemy aircraft shot down in the aerial battles around Voronezh, including 6 victories in a day on both 21 July and 23 July. In August 1942, he shot down three which included his 100th victory on 3 August. He was the 16th ''Luftwaffe'' pilot to achieve the century mark.〔Obermaier 1989, p. 243.〕 After his 106th victory on 6 August he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub''). He shot down his 118th enemy aircraft on the Eastern Front, (a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3), in September 1942. II./JG 77 were then transferred to Tunisia where Hackl claimed 6 victories. In combat with P-38 Lightnings on 4 February 1943 he was badly wounded and was hospitalised for several months. Returning to duties in September 1943, Hackl next operated with III./Jagdgeschwader 11 (JG 11—11th Fighter Wing) on ''Reichsverteidigung'' (Defense of the Reich) duties. On 1 October, he became ''Gruppenkommandeur'' (group commander) III./JG 11. Hackl went on to claim 25 four-engined bombers shot down during his time with the III. ''Gruppe''. In April 1944, he commanded JG 11 briefly before being badly wounded in battle with a United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) P-47 Thunderbolt. He was awarded the ''Schwerter'' on 9 July. During July 1944 he became ''Geschwaderkommodore'' (Wing Commander) of Jagdgeschwader 76 (JG 76—76th Fighter Wing). On 8 October he became ''Gruppenkommandeur'' of II./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing) with 165 victories to his credit. By the end of the year he now had 172 victories. By late January 1945 he was acting ''Geschwaderkommodore'' of Jagdgeschwader 300 (JG 300—300th Fighter Wing) and, in late February, ''Geschwaderkommodore'' of JG 11. His last 24 victories were never officially confirmed. Anton Hackl flew about 1000 combat missions and was officially credited with shooting down 192 enemy aircraft plus another 24 unconfirmed aerial victories.〔Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 197.〕 131 victories were claimed while serving on the Eastern Front, six victories have been claimed in Africa and 55 on the Western Front. Among these numbers are 34 four-engined bombers which puts him in second place behind Georg-Peter Eder as the leading daylight bomber claimant. 55 claims were made with JG 11, 10 with JG 26, 1 with JG 300, and 124 while flying with JG 77. He was shot down eight times and wounded four times. Anton Hackl died on 9 July 1984 in Regensburg. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anton Hackl」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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